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Bitterne is an eastern suburb and ward of Southampton, England. Bitterne derives its name not from the similarly named bird, the Bittern (as some believe) but probably from the bend in the River Itchen; the Old English words ''byht'' and ''ærn'' together mean "house near a bend" or possibly ''bita ærn''; "house of horse bits", either most likely a reference to Bitterne Manor House. A reference from the late 11th century spells the name ''Byterne''.〔 Bitterne Ward comprises the suburbs of Bitterne and Thornhill, and had a population of 13,800 at the 2011 census.〔 The ward borders Sholing Ward and Harefield Ward to the west and north. ==History== The focal point of Bitterne today is the former location of Bitterne Village (and is still occasionally referred to by that name), but the village is predated by the settlement at Bitterne Manor, the site of the original Roman settlement of ''Clausentum'', the forerunner of today's City of Southampton.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Roman Southampton )〕 Bitterne is not mentioned in the Domesday Book but first appears in a late 11th century entry in the Bishop of Winchester's register as ''Byterne''.〔 This is, however, a reference to Bitterne Manor, not to the settlement known as Bitterne today. In 1665, the population of Bitterne was estimated to be 75 inhabitants, across 15 houses, which included Bitterne Manor House and Peartree House. A new estate was built in 1760, known then as Bitterne Grove and today housing St Mary's College.〔 A number of workers' cottages were erected to support the estate and the farming activities at Bitterne Manor and Townhill Park; the cottages were in the Mousehole area of Bitterne.〔 In the 1790s, frequent royal visits to Southampton encouraged a spate of land-buying in the area, and further estates were added to the Bitterne area, including Ridgeway, Sydney Farm and Midanbury Lodge.〔 Townhill Park House was also built around this time, and Chessel House was built in 1796 by David Lance.〔 Aware that access to his land was poor, Lance encouraged the building of a bridge over the River Itchen linking Bitterne Manor to Northam, and another bridge over the River Hamble at Bursledon, with a road linking the bridges meeting another new road, to Botley, at the location known as the centre of today's Bitterne.〔 Construction of this new road and the bridges was completed in 1801.〔 Although this new junction on an important communications route would eventually stimulate the growth of Bitterne Village, an account of 1826 mentions only the estate houses and not any hamlet or collection of cottages.〔 By the 20th Century, Bitterne Village was swallowed up by fast expanding Southampton. During the 1950s, Bitterne underwent extensive renovation, with the destruction of Victorian cottage housing areas to be replaced with flats and estates on the old farm land. The Angel pub went to be replaced by Sainsbury's, the Methodist church by Lloyds Bank (with the Methodists joining together with the Anglican church). During the 1980s, work was carried out to bypass the bottleneck of the main high street by looping the A3024 from the top of Lances Hill eastwards through some of the poorer housing to a new junction with the Hedge End road and demolishing the old post office;also, the old high street was pedestrianised. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bitterne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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